STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS vs STRUCTURAL DESIGN

 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS    vs  STRUCTURAL DESIGN

 

A structure is an assembly of materials which can carry applied loads (forces). If an engineering structure fails, people are likely to get injured/killed, hence, engineers study and investigate the behavior of structures with utmost precision.

Man-made structures include buildings, bridges, dams, ships, airplanes, rockets, trains, cars, and other large structures. Structural engineers design and access structure to ensure that they are efficient and stable under the effects of various forces. Structural engineers are responsible for both structural analysis as well as design.  A civil engineer must have clear understanding of the differences between both.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Structure analysis is the process to determine the response of a structure under applied loading conditions or combinations of various loads.

portal frame with uniformly distributed load

Analysis is done by making assumptions. We assume the dimensions of the structural elements (I, b, d), their loading conditions (DL, LL, EL, etc.), material properties (E, fck, fy), and support conditions (fixed, hinged, roller, etc.).

Analysis of a structure includes the study of: strength, stiffness, stability, and response of all elements.

In analysing, the support reactions, shear forces, bending moment, torsion, deflection, stress, strains etc. are calculated, that the particular member would undergo due to the applications of loads.

For structural analysis, knowledge about the behavior of structural elements, and hence basic mathematics, and basically physics i.e. structure mechanics is important.

A basic reason that structural analysis is beneficial is to determine the cause of a structural failure.

When conducting analysis, structural engineer investigates magnitude of force applied on the structure, it’s direction, and orientation.

Steps for Analysis of Structure:

• Structural Idealization
• Applying Loads
• Calculating Reactions
• Calculating Internal Forces
• Calculating Internal Stresses
• Evaluating Efficiency and safety

The geometry is assumed prior to finding shear force and bending moments.

Methods of Structural Analysis: Analytical Method:
method of joints
method of sections
Force method
Displacement method
Matrix methods
Numerical Methods:
Finite element method

There is only one specific solution.

From the analysis we can get bending moment diagram, shear force diagram, deflection curve, shear stress and strain etc.

Software Used for Structural Analysis

• STAAD.Pro
• ETABS
• SAP
• ANSYS
• EdiLus
• Tekla
• MIDAS

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Structural design is the process to find out the safe, durable and economical specifications of the structure including materials, geometry, the size of structural members which can carry loads during the lifetime of the structure.

The design process of any structure starts with the selection of materials, and the structural system. The choice of material depends on local availability and economy of design.

Design of structure includes: the criteria of serviceability, safety, and durability.

In designing, the geometry, size and shape of all the members of structure are calculated. In structural design individual elements as well as joints are designed

The process of design requires knowledge of mechanics materials. And also, sound knowledge of design codes, and bye-laws which provide the guideline for the safe structural design.

Structural design is important as it provide safety to the occupants during its intended life without failure.

In the structural design the geometry is checked against the design load criteria as per codal provisions. The stresses in member should not exceed permissible limits and permissible deflection etc. All the elements are checked for its load resisting capacity i.e. stress of different types i.e. flexure, direct shear and stress etc., strain, deflection, rotation etc. If these values exceeds the permissible limits, the members are redesigned.

For given loading, geometry is checked as per codes, and checked against permissible values.

Methods of Structural Design
Working stress method
Ultimate load method
Limit state method

There can be many possible solutions, with variation in materials and its properties.

From the design we can prepare detailed drawing for execution with details of reinforcement in case of RCC structures or details of weld or bolts in case of steel structure.

Software Used for Structural Design

• STAAD.Pro
• ETABS
• SAP
• SAFE
  
  
  
• STAAD Foundation Advanced
• Tekla Structures

Tools List

Tools List

NAME	IMAGE	USES

Hoe		This tool is used to digging and to place concrete, cement mortar in head pan
Head Pan		This one is used to transport materials
Masonry trowel		This tool is used to place cement mortar
Measurement Tape		This is used to measure
Plumb Bob		This tool is used to check the vertical alignment of civil works
Wheel Barrow		This tool is used to transport cement mortar or any materials. Sometimes it also be used to measure the quantites of materials for site level concrete mixing
Concrete Mixer		This tool is used to thoroughly mix the concrete at site.
Vibrator		This tool is used to vibrate the concrete while pouring. For workability purpose, we all add water to concrete. To avoid that we are using vibrators. There are many types of vibrators
Rubber Boots		This one is used to prevent skin from chemical contact
Sand screening machine		This tool is used to sieve sand at site.
Gloves		This is used to avoid direct contact with dangerous tools, machines or to avoid any direct chemical material contact
Safety Glass		Used for safety purpose while drilling, hacking/roughening, grinding
Bump Cutter/Screed		This tool is used to level fresh concrete surface especially in slab concrete
Wooden Float/wooden rendering float		This tool is used to give a smooth finish to the plastered area
Chisel		This tool is used to remove excess or waste hard concrete
Crow Bar		This tool is used in fomwork to remove nails from boards
Framing Square		This tool is used in Brickwork, Plastering to check right angle
Framing Hammer		This tool is used to drive and remove nails
Line Level		This tool is used to check horizontal level in brickwork, plastering , flooring and tile works
Torpedo Level		Combination of line level and framing square
Cordless Drill		This tool is used to make pilot holes, replacing jumper (special type of drill should be used while drilling concrete)
Circular Saw		This tool is used to cut woods in shuttering
Hand Saw		This tool is used in wood works and shuttering
Block Plane / Jack Plane		This tool is used in Door and window wood works
Flat Pry Bar		This tool is used in shuttering sometimes used to adjust the column formwork to align
Earth Rammer		This tool is used to level the ground
Ladder
Digging bar		This tool is used to breakup and loosen the compacted / hard surface area
Polishers		This tool is used to smoothen the surface (wood or marble flooring)
Measuring Wheel		This tool is used to measure lengths. It varies by length
Measuring Box		This tool is used to measure the cement and sand while site mix
Tile Cutter		This tool is used to cut the tiles
Putty Knife		This tool is used in putty finishing to limit the thickness of the putty.
Vacuum Blower		This tools is used to clean the surface area from impurities (In flooring, Slab concrete etc.)

CIVIL ENGINEERING SOFTWARE

ETABS DESCRIPTION

For nearly 30 years ETABS has been recognized as the industry standard for Building Analysis and Design Software. Today, continuing in the same tradition, ETABS has evolved into a completely Integrated Building Analysis and Design Environment. The System built around a physical object based graphical user interface, powered by targeted new special purpose algorithms for analysis and design, with interfaces for drafting and manufacturing, is redefining standards of integration, productivity and technical innovation.

The integrated model can include Moment Resisting Frames, Braced Frames, Staggered Truss Systems, Frames with Reduced Beam Sections or Side Plates, Rigid and Flexible Floors, Sloped Roofs, Ramps and Parking Structures, Mezzanine Floors, Multiple Tower Buildings and Stepped Diaphragm Systems with Complex Concrete, Composite or Steel Joist Floor Framing Systems. Solutions to complex problems such as Panel Zone Deformations, Diaphragm Shear Stresses, and Construction Sequence Loading are now at your fingertips.

ETABS is the solution, whether you are designing a simple 2D frame or performing a dynamic analysis of a complex high-rise that utilizes non-linear dampers for inter-story drift control.

* ETABS download link provides demo version of the software

RISACONNECTION DESCRIPTION

RISACONNECTION DESCRIPTION

RISAConnection is a useful program designed to assist engineers in finishing steel structures by creating welds and connections between the elements. The program uses a visual approach but you can also enter data by editing the design spreadsheets. You can use the program to inspect the design in a 3D view and to modify the dimensions in the 2D panel. Both views can be exported and printed in order to use them in your project documentation.

RISAConnection takes the complexity out of calculations by listing explicitly the calculations and the code check values. Review your results in an easy-to-read report or inspect the connection in a 2D shop drawing-style drawing.

RISAConnection allows you to quickly build steel connections using a quick connection dialog box with pictures and descriptions.

Review your connection in an interactive 2-dimensional picture or view it fully rendered in 3-D. The rendered view allows you to rotate 360 degrees to see the entire connection.

In RISAConnection, you can use the AISC 360-05 for either ASD or LRFD design to check any size connection. The RISAConnection output has fully comprehensive engineering calculations with code references, making it easy to understand the code check.

* RISAConnection download link provides demo version of the software

BRICSCAD DESCRIPTION

Create 2D technical drawings and floor plans + 3D direct modeling operations with BricsCAD. BricsCAD is the familiar design platform for all your needs; 2D drafting, 3D modeling, mechanical design and BIM.

Familiar CAD Toolkit

The BricsCAD interface will make you feel right at home from the very beginning.

2D Drafting, Drawing and Annotation

Create and edit technical drawings, as well as annotating designs.

3D Modeling and Visualization

Powerful and adaptive tools for 3D direct solid modeling using our Geometric Constraints solver.

Cloud Collaboration

Bricsys 24/7 lets you easily share Building Information Modeling (BIM) designs.

Third Party Applications

We have an eco-system of hundreds of market-specific applications through our developer program.

Highly Customizable Interface

Make BricsCAD your own by simply re-using your current menu, script and LISP customizations.

* BricsCAD download link provides trial version of the software.

AEC BUDGET DESCRIPTION

Budgeting always comes as a major challenge for construction companies in the project execution. This can be easily noticed when you have a deep insight into the general scenario of the construction industry.

The AEC Budget as an innovative budgeting tool that helps the user to estimate the resources under project execution, making it to plan by extending tight integration to MS Project. The tool helps in managing critical and accurate inputs like resources and utilization of the same with optimum usage, with optimization.

AEC Budget is fully integrated with AEC-ERP as core part of major production and planning system enabling the enterprise performing the project to have entire budgetary controls, established among other business functions.

Highlights

• The five ‘M's of a construction project- Manpower, Materials, Machinery, Money and Management- are like building blocks of a construction. From these, the former four ‘M’s are budgeted by ‘AEC Budget’ as resources for its tasks to perform.
• ‘AEC Budget’ is the unique kind of Bidding and Project Management Software that is very user-friendly.
• Complex Lead Calculations, Direct and Indirect cost budgeting, Methodology building and Risk Analysis are simplified.
• Data can be exported to Ms-Excel and MS Project for scheduling, sequencing and resource leveling.
• The exported MSP file can be synchronized back for interactive analysis and methodology building.
• Once these operations are done, MS Project gives an excellent fully developed file to present the data in all most all available views and reports including Critical Path Diagrams and Cash Flows.
• Excellent reporting capacities with critical information like fuel requirement, resource wise requirements to analyses risks.
• Cash flow requirements, dates of major resource inductions enable top management with decision making powers.
• Special cost analyzing tools like Lead and output calculators, earth balancing tools, indirect cost budgeting tools are integrated.
• Task linking, copying, Multi tasking formula to mix various in tasks in to one task to assess costs based on other tasks.

CONCRETECOST ESTIMATOR FOR EXCEL DESCRIPTION

Build accurate insurance concrete construction estimates while saving time and money. Designed specifically for concrete, general and building contractors. ConcreteCOST Estimator contains extensive industry standard user-modifiable unit cost data for all cost categories covering concrete construction. Built-in Concrete calculator automatically figures typical measurements simply by entering dimensions.  ConcreteCOST Estimator instantly creates user-modifiable, on-screen or printed estimate reports including price quotation. Use ConcreteCOST Estimator as an estimating or sales tool to save time, improve accuracy and achieve greater success.

ConcreteCost Estimator is designed and developed in the USA by CPR, Inc. , a leading provider of cost estimating software tools and cost data for the general and specialty construction and insurance repair industry since 1986. Use ConcreteCOST Estimator with confidence and profit!

What is the best ERP software for construction industry?

There are various ERP software product/solution are available in World market today. it totally depends upon how an ERP vendor can understand the exact requirement of an ERP buyer & customizes it according to their business needs.

An efficient ERP system can streamline their workflow from lead management to project closure. 

Here there is a set of benefits you can get using ERP system in real esate industry:

• Real-time processing of all invoices
• Booking management
• Procurement and inventory management
• Purchase Management
• Project management
• Complaint and maintenance management

As per my experience I would like to suggest, first choose and compare the best possible fit ERP solution for construction industry and then only figure out amongst them. which ERP provide the best web-based ERP solution for all your real estate business needs and can help maximize your ROI, meet regulatory compliances, gather flawless data insights and make informed business decisions.

Few best ERP software for construction industry are:

1. SAP
2. ORACLE
3. Infor
4. Netsuite
5. Microsoft
6. Epicor
7. Focus
8. Sage
9. RAMCO

Many more others.