juma e library

  Surveying  civil engineering Surveying , a means of making relatively large-scale, accurate measurements of the Earth’s surfaces. It includes the determination of the  measurement  data, the reduction and interpretation of the data to usable form, and, conversely, the establishment of relative position and size according to given measurement requirements. Thus, surveying has two similar but opposite functions: (1) the determination of existing relative horizontal and vertical position, such as that used for the process of  mapping , and (2) the establishment of marks to control  construction  or to indicate land boundaries. Surveying has been an essential element in the development of the human  environment  for so many centuries that its importance is often forgotten. It is an  imperative  requirement in the planning and execution of nearly every form of construction. Surveying was essential at the dawn of history, and some of th...

  STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS     vs   STRUCTURAL DESIGN   A structure is an assembly of materials which can carry applied loads (forces). If an engineering structure fails, people are likely to get injured/killed, hence, engineers study and investigate the behavior of structures with utmost precision. Man-made structures include buildings, bridges, dams, ships, airplanes, rockets, trains, cars, and other large structures. Structural engineers design and access structure to ensure that they are efficient and stable under the effects of various forces. Structural engineers are responsible for both structural analysis as well as design.  A civil engineer must have clear understanding of the differences between both. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Structure analysis is the process to determine the response of a structure under applied loading conditions or combinations of various loads. portal frame with uniformly distributed load Analysis is done by making assump...

Tools List NAME IMAGE USES Hoe This tool is used to digging and to place concrete, cement mortar in head pan Head Pan This one is used to transport materials Masonry trowel This tool is used to place cement mortar Measurement Tape This is used to measure Plumb Bob This tool is used to check the  vertical alignment  of civil works Wheel Barrow This tool is used to transport cement mortar or any materials. Sometimes it also be used to measure the quantites of materials for site level concrete mixing Concrete Mixer This tool is used to thoroughly mix the concrete at site. Vibrator This tool is used to vibrate the concrete while pouring. For workability purpose, we all add water to concrete. To avoid that we are using vibrators. There are many types of vibrators Rubber Boots This one is used to prevent skin from chemical contact Sand screening machine This tool is used to sieve sand at site. Gloves This is used to avoid direct contact with dangerous tools, machines or to avoid any...

ETABS DESCRIPTIO N For nearly 30 years ETABS has been recognized as the industry standard for Building Analysis and Design Software. Today, continuing in the same tradition, ETABS has evolved into a completely Integrated Building Analysis and Design Environment. The System built around a physical object based graphical user interface, powered by targeted new special purpose algorithms for analysis and design, with interfaces for drafting and manufacturing, is redefining standards of integration, productivity and technical innovation. The integrated model can include Moment Resisting Frames, Braced Frames, Staggered Truss Systems, Frames with Reduced Beam Sections or Side Plates, Rigid and Flexible Floors, Sloped Roofs, Ramps and Parking Structures, Mezzanine Floors, Multiple Tower Buildings and Stepped Diaphragm Systems with Complex Concrete, Composite or Steel Joist Floor Framing Systems. Solutions to complex problems such as Panel Zone Deformations, Diaphragm Shear Stresses, and Cons...